Introduction to Antimicrobial Resistance
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This course is designed for healthcare and public health policymakers.
Approx. 6 weeks to complete | Suggested 1 hour/week
English
Overview
Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms are increasing globally, threatening to render existing treatments ineffective against many infectious diseases. In Africa, AMR has already been documented to be a problem for HIV and the pathogens that cause malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid, cholera, meningitis, gonorrhea, and dysentery. Recognizing the urgent need for action, the United Nations General Assembly approved a resolution in 2016 to ensure sustained and effective global action to address AMR, and three UN agencies—World Health Organization (WHO), Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and Food and Animal Organization—enacted global strategies for AMR control. Globally, drug resistance causes an estimated 700,000 human deaths each year, and, if current trends continue, AMR could result in over 10 million deaths per year and over 100 trillion USD in lost output globally by 2050. Coordinated action is needed across human, animal, and environmental sectors to delay emergence, limit transmission, and reduce harm from AMR organisms.
The primary goal of this course is to increase understanding of policymakers in human health, animal health, and environment about the threat of AMR and effective approaches to control it. The course reviews the origin, burden, and consequences of antimicrobial resistance, the factors that drive development and transmission of resistance, approaches to diagnosis and treatment of resistant infections, and strategies to control resistance using a One Health approach. This training will help achieve one objective of Africa CDC’s Framework for AMR Control, specifically building human resources.
Learning Objectives
- Appreciate the global, regional, and national challenges of AM
- Understand the history of AMR drugs and their mode of action
- Describe how AMR occurs
- Describe implications of misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment
- Explain the modes of action of antimicrobial agents
- Describe mechanisms of resistance and risk factors
- Describe the impact of use and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment
- Describe the epidemiology of common pathogens in human and animal health
- Describe human behavioral factors for emergence and re-emergence of infections
- Describe the global and regional burden of AMR
- Identify contributing factors for AMR
- Describe the impact of AMR at regional and national levels
- Describe the regional and global burden of AMR
- Define key leaders in controlling AMR burden
- Identify the accomplishments, obstacles, and knowledge gaps in addressing AMR burden
- Explain the importance of using a One Health approach in controlling public health threats
- Address the threat of AMR through using a One Health approach
- Relate factors that affect health to One Health approaches used at the human-animal-environment interface to combat AMR threats
- Describe how One Health approach can be achieved for AMR
- List and explain core elements of antimicrobial stewardship programs
- Explain the duty to established antimicrobial stewardship programs
- Identify the importance of antimicrobial stewardship programs
- Identify examples of stewardship program implementation strategies
Insturctor
Senait Kedebe, MD, MPH
Lead Instructor
Dr. Senait Kebede is an adjunct Associate Professor of Global Health at Emory University, Hon.. Associate Professor at SPHMMC and guest lectures at several universities. She brings over 20 years of experience in academics, clinical and public health practice. She is a global health professional working with international and bilateral organizations including WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS, World Bank, CDC, and USAID with a focus on capacity building, policy, programming and planning (PPP) for Maternal and child health, HIV/TB, Disease Surveillance and quality of care. Dr. Kebede has led and participated in multiple technical assistance missions to countries co-authored WHO guidelines and worked in senior positions including as WHO inter-country medical officer for (IMCI), WHO/AFRO Coordinator for 3 by 5, Investment and Efficiency Advisor for UNAIDS, and Adolescent Health & HIV specialist with UNICEF.
Dr. Kebede also serves in various Global technical teams including as a member of HIV/TB expert with WHO TBTEAM; child and adolescent TB working group (WHO); the Independent Technical Expert Mechanism (PCITEM) for the WHO’s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework Secretariat; and Child Health Task Force.
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